A bunion is when your big toe points toward the second toe. This causes a bump on the outside edge of your toe. To help prevent bunions from forming, avoid compressing the toes of your foot with narrow, poor-fitting shoes. More than 100 different surgical techniques have been prescribed to treat this condition.
Hammertoe is a deformity of the toe, in which the end of the toe is bent downward. Hammertoe usually affects the second toe, however, it may also affect the other toes. The toe moves into a claw-like position.
The most common cause of hammertoe is wearing short, narrow shoes that are too tight. The toe is forced into a bent position and muscles and tendons in the toe tighten and become shorter. Mild hammertoe in children can be treated by manipulating and splinting the affected toe. A foot doctor can also make foot devices called hammertoe regulators or straighteners for you, or you can buy them at the store. For severe hammertoe, you will need an operation to straighten the joint.